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&erGeyl
Pre-reading
&harinusArieGeyl（1887-1966）wasaDutchhistorianwellknownforhisstudiesinearlymodernDutchhistoryandinhistraphy.Hismostfamousbookainst，anatofhowFrenchhistoriansesandviewshaveregardedtheFrenimetothepreseoriaedheraadventurerwhhtdeathaiontoFranceorasapatriotiwhloryay.Geylusedhisbooktoadvancehisviewthatallhistoriansareihepreseinghistoryandthusallhististransiteyl’sview，thereneverbeadefifesbecauseeveryagehasadifferehepast.Feyl，thebestthathistorianscoulddowastocriticallyexamiheirbeliefsaheirreaderstodolikewise.Geylfeltthathistoryrogressumentwithoutend”
，butdidhismeantthatan“anythierpretationofhistorytable.
Promptsf
1.Wheorybook，doyouoallyfeelskepticalaboutthe“factsorfactors”
?Whyorwhynot?
2.Geylsays，“Behi，behindthegoddessHistory，thereisahistorian.”
Howdoyouuhisstatement?
3.Amythissometimesdefiraditionalfairystoryacceptedashistory.Whatroleorrolesdoesitplay，espesocialgriouscircles?
4.HaveyoureadaBuddha?youdistisfromthemythsinthem?
5.Howwouldyouexplaihatahistorian’shistorywillsufferfromhisbeingsoinamythofhiso>
6.Whatattitudeshouldahistoriantakewhilewritinghistory?
[1]Thehistorianotevadehisresponsibility.Toasthebarefactsorfaesadifficultjobinalllythefirststageofhiswork:ifheistogiveanintelligibleat，ifhewilltohisownsatisfaderstausehismaterialbyit1，it，aingit.Indoingsoheisboundtointroduelementofsubjectivity;thatis，heerwithordetratheabsolute，ungtruth.“Ishallsticktothefact，”
“Ishallletthefactsspeakforthemselves”
—thesewellknownturnsofspeeissibleenough，buttheyareapttobeasmisleadingasthatotherfavoritephrase:“Historyshows.”
Behi，behindthegoddessHistory，thereisahistorian.aybeinpossessiohewholetruth，andnothih，buttothehistorian（theyoung，middle-aged，oroldladyentlemanrummagingamohearchiveatadesk）shewillatbest，iheirlaboraion，vouchsafeaglimpse.Neverwillshesurrehewholeofhertreasure.Themostthateforisapartialrendering，anapproximatioruthaboutthepast.
[2]Thehistorianmerelypreserves，butthemembersoftheuerialpreservedas3astheYetasIseeit，thehistorianoftenandrightlyplaysamoreactivepart，shapierial，suggesting，ifonlybyimpli，portahepresehecollectivememoryofthepublic，largelytheproductofthehistorians’teag，ismuchmoredefederratitheindividual’smemoryofhisexperiences.
[3]Iwishthatitwerepossibletodraletrastbetweenmythandhistory.Myth—thepastarrahoutanyhamperinginhibition，soastosuittheprejudiceofitsadhereiiousloyaltyoriheirpartyfeeling;history—thepastshownasitreallywas.IhavesaidtoomudyouknowtoomuchbeforeIsaidit，abouttheshsanddelioriahingsochildish.Historyandmytharealmostiricably5mixed.
[4]WhatIdosayisthatithasalwaysbeentheidealofhistoriahetwoandthatiemptstomaketheiratodemonstrable，palpabletruththeyhavedoneanenormousamouingandieraelligibleordertoovere.Thisorder，hoaysretaiofarbitrariistosomeexteonhumanminds.Andsuchasitis，thehistoryofthehistorianwillhavehaediheunity.Notonlywillthepublisonhistoryalwayslagbehindthoseofscholarship;theresometimesseemsthtincapacitytoadoptthem，largelydue，nodoubt，tolackofattention，thoughofteionisadisguiseforactiverelu，afterall，isnotgovernedbyreasohemyth，springingfromaffesorhatreds，hasavitalityofitsown.Itisaformoflife.
[5]Whehhistoricalmyths，traditions，ormiss，ihehistorianhastoacceptthemasmaioicsorcivilizatioiontowhichtheybeloeheuanding，thedisgsympathythatallmaionsoflife.Butthedoeoftheusefulmythis，tohim，ofnoapplitothepresent.Nodoubtthehistorianbesoinamythofhisowndaythathedassuch;hishistorywillsufferfromit，butitdoesnotnecessarilydestroyhisexce，reatness，asahistorian.
[6]AndIthinkImayaddthatnotIpersonallybutallprofessionalhistoriansdopossessakindoffamiliaritywiththepastthatshouldnotbeuhatgreatargumeclaimtohavelyauthenticmessage，butedevoteourselvestothedegofitwithasiiohusiasmandabstrag，ttheircase，supported，mostlikely，bymythigsofthepast.Eveo，weotsuppressthosevoicesorpreventothersfromlisteningtothem;weshallourselvesattimesfiandinspiration.Measwillproysteriouscourseastheyhavealwaysdootheshapingofithowmuchthepasttributes，andhowmuchtheurgethatisinmaivepowers，welyguess.Butshallhistoriansthereforekeepsilefulfillourfun，whichis，tothebestofourability，toshowupthemythsaheworldallwedaboutpastreality—inshitimateuseaheabuseofhistory.
Notes
1....hemustusehismaterialbyit:对自己的素材要进行筛选。
2.Clio:（Greekmythology）AlsospelledKleio，themuseofhistory（历史女神），daughterofZeus.TheymologicallyderivedfromGreekmeaniomakefamous”
or“tocelebrate”
.
3.as:i.Thissethemembersoftheunityusepreservedhistoricalmaterialswhensuchmaterialssuitthem，andinwaysthatsuitthe
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