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TextATheFualsoftheReligion
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BlaisePascal
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BlaisePascal(1623-1662)hilosopher,stist,mathemativentor,andtheologian1.Iics,heiohefieldsofgametheoryandprobabilitytheory.InphilosophyheioialisAsawriterontheolionhewasadefenderofity.
&eicillhealth,Pascalmadehistoritributionstomathematidtophysigbothexperimentalaicalworkonhydraulics,atmosphericpressure,aeureofthevacuuAsastistandphilosopherofsce,Pascaledstrictempiricalobservationarolledexperiments;heopposedtherationalismandlogico-deductivemethodofthes;andheopposedthemetaphysicalspesandreverehorityofthetheologiansoftheMiddleAges.
Althoughheneverfullyabandonedhisstifidmathematiterests,afterhisunightofFire(theiicalilluminationandmidnightthatheexperieheeveningofNovember23,1654),Pasedhistalentsalmostexclusivelyti.Itwasduringtheperiodfrom1656untilhisdeathin1662thathewroteTheLettresProvihePeresProvincialesisasatiricalattaJesuitcasuistryandapolemiseofJahePenséesisaposthumously2publishedofuesforwhatwasiobeasystematicapologiaforthereligion.Alongwithhisstifigs,thesetwogreatliteraryworkshaveattractedtheadmirationandcrititerestofphilosophersandseriousreaderseion.
Promptsf
&horsthat“Thereligionsistsintwopoints”
.Whatarethetwopoints?
2.WhatistheobjectofthewholecourseofthingsagtoPascal?
3.“Andonthisgrouakeotorevilethereligioheymisu.”
Whatisthesepeople’smisuandingofGodandreligion?
4.Whatisthedangerofbelievingindeism?
5.rideofphilosophers”
andthe“despairofatheists”
?
6.HowdoesPascaldescribetheGod?
7.WhatroledoesJesusChristplayinthewodandmanofGod?
[1]Metheydonotkianreligionsistsintwopoints.ItisofequalentokisequallydaobeignoraisequallyofGod’smercythatHehasgivenindisofboth.
[2]Aakeotocludethatosdoes,fromthatwhichshouldhavecausedthemtoihesages4whohavesaidthereisonlyoneGodhavebeeheJewswerehated,andstillmorethes.Theyhaveseeofiftherebeatruereligiohecourseofallthingsmusttendtoitastoatre.
[3]Thewholecourseofthingsmusthaveforitsobjecttheestablishmenessiohavewithinthemfeelireligionteachesus.And,finally,religionmustsobetheobjetretowhichallthiwhoeverknowstheprinciplesiongiveaionbothofthewholenatureofmaninpartidofthewholecourseeneral.
[4]Andonthisgrouakeotorevile6thereligioheymisu.TheyimagisistssimplyintheworshipofaGodsideredasgreat,powerful,aernal;whichisstrictlydeism7,almostasfarremovedfromthereligionasatheism8,whichisitsexactopposite.Aheycludethatthisreligionisnottrue,becausetheydoallthingscurtotheestablishmentofthispoint,thatGoddoesHimselftomenwithalltheevidencewhichHecouldshow.
[5]Butletthemcludewhattheywillagaiheywillothingagaiianreligion,whichproperlysistsieryoftheRedeemer9,who,unitingiwonatures,humananddivine,hasredeemedmeionofsioreciletheminHisdivioGod.
[6]Thereligioeathesetwotruths;thatthereisaGodwhommenow,andthatthereisaiurewhidersthemunworthyofHiItisequallyimportaoknowboththesepoints;anditisequallydangerousformantoknowGodwithoutknowinghisowess,andtoknoretesswithoutknowingtheRedeemerwhofreehimfromit.Theknowledgeofohesepointsgivesriseeithertotheprideofphilosophers,whohaveknownGod,andnottheirowess,ortothedespairofatheists,ess,butnottheRedeemer.
[7]And,asitisalikeomantokwopoints,soisitalikemercifulofGodtohavemadeuskhereligiohis;itisinthisthatitsists.
[8]Letushereiheorderoftheworld,ahingsdoablishthesetwotsion:JesusChrististheendofall,aowhids.WhoeverknowsHimknowsthereas.
[9]ThosewhofallintoerrorerrhfailuretoseeohihenhaveaknowledgeofGodwithoutthatofourowess,andofourowhoutthatofGod.ButweowJesusChristwithoutknowiimebothGodandourowess.
[10]ThereforeIshallakeheretoprovebyhertheexistenceofGod,ortheTrinity,ortheimmortalityofthesofthatonlybecauseIshouldnotfeelmyselfsuffitlyabletofindistoedatheists,butalsobecausesuowledgewithoutJesusChristisuselessahoughamanshouldbeumericalproportioerialtruths,eteronafirsttruth,inwhichtheysubsist,andwhichiscalledGod,Ishouldnotthinkhimfaradvaowardshiso
[11]TheGodofsisnotaGodwhoissimplytheauthorofmathematicaltruths,oroftheorderoftheelements;thatistheviewofheathens10andEpis11.HeisnodwhoexercisesHisprovidehelifeandfortuobestowonthosewhoworshipHimalongandhappylife.ThatortionoftheJews.ButtheGodofAbraham,theGodofIsaac,theGodofJacob,theGodofs,isaGodofloveandodwhofillsthesoulahosewhomHepossesses,aGodwhomakesthemsciousoftheiriess,andHisinfinitemeritesHimselftotheirinmostsoul,whofillsitwithhumilityandjoy,withdlove,whorehemincapableofahanHimself.
[12]AllwhoseekGodwithoutJesusdwhorestiherfindnolighttosatisfythem,orforthemselvesameansofknowingGHimwithoutamediator.Therebytheyfalleitherintoatheism,oriwothingswhichthereligionabhors12almostequally.
[13]WithoutJesusChristtheworldwould;foritshouldhatitwouldbedestroyedorbeahell.
[14]IftheworldexistedtoinstruofGod,HisdivinitywouldshihrougheverypartinitinanindisputablemaasitexistsonlybyJesusdforJesusdtoteaboththeirandtheirredemption13,alldisplaystheproofsofthesetwotruths.
[15]Allappearaesalexapresenceofdivinity,butthepresenceofaGodwhohidesHimself.Everythihischaracter.
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