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RalphWaldoEmerson
Pre-reading
RalphWaldoEmerson（1803-1882）wasthemostthAmericulturalleaderofthemid-19thtury.InhisunorthodoxideasandasherepresentedaminorityofAmeris，butbytheendofhislifehewassideredasage.Althoughhestudiedphilosophyextensively，hewasnotaatiker，butratheraanyreligious，literary，andphilosophitsoftheearly19thtury.
&hCeandWordsworthin1833，andagfriendshipwithCarlyle，enthusedEmersonwithafusioantdoeofself-reliaheromantieoftheprimacyofpersonality，tobothofwhichwereaddedreverehegeniusandhero.Emersedaofind“aniotheuniverse”
.Hisromanticadvocacyofself-reliance，basedonanotiohin”
，dimiyofinstitutionsandtraditionsaheself.Hisfamousworksiure”
“Self-ReliaheOver-Soul”
“Circles”
“ThePoet”
and“Experience”
.Hisspeech“TheAmeriScholar”
issideredtobeAmeritellectualDeofIndependence”
.
“Nature”
ublishedanonymouslyin1836.TheessaybriherallofthebasietsofTrahroughadisofsuses（odity，beauty，language，dise）.ItdsthatexpansionofthehumansoulispossiblethrougharewithnatureanddevelopsEmersohe“Over-Soul”
.
Promptsf
1.Whatisyourexpeofaphilosopher’sataboutnature?
2.Emersoweshouldlookforsolitudebysimplylookiars.Whatdoeshemean?Whatdoes“whathetouches”
（Paragraph1）referto?
3.Inwhatsehorspeakofhispassage?
4.Whatdoestheauthormeapoetise”
?
5.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayipersoure”
（Paragraph4）?
6.Whatisaloverofnaturelikeagtotheauthor?
7.Whateffeaturehaveonaperson?
8.Whoorowertoprodudofdelighttheauthordescribes?
9.Makealistofmajorpoiureinthispassage.
10.Howdoestheauthorpresehrumentation，narratioioion?
11.Howwouldyehispassage?
[1]Togointosolitude1，amaireasmuhischamberasfromsociety.IamnotsolitarywhilstIreadahoughnobodyiswithme.Butifamanwouldbealohimlookatthestars.Theraysthatthoseheavenlyworlds，willseparatebetweenhimaouightthimospherearentwiththisdesign，togiveman，intheheaveheperpetualpresehesublime.Seesofcities，howgreattheyare!Ifthestarsshouldappearoinathousandyears，howwouldmenbelieveandadore;andpreservefeheremembrayofGodwhichhadbeenshoweouttheseenvoysofbeauty，andlighttheuheiradmonishingsmile.
[2]Thestarsawakeainreverehoughalresent，theyareinaccessible;butallnaturalobjectsmakeakindredimpressiohemiheiriureneverearaherdoesthewisestmahersedlosehiscuriositybyfindingoutallherperfeatureoytoawisespirit.Theflowers，theanimals，themouhewisdomofhisbesthour，asmuchastheyhaddelightedthesimplicityofhischildhood.
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