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GeeOrwell
Pre-reading
GeeOrwell（1903-1950）eishauthorandjourhurBlair.DuringmostofhisprofessioimeOrwellwasbestknownforhisjournalism，bothiishpressandinbookssuagetoia，desghisactivitiesduringtheSpanishCivilWar，andDownandOutinParisandLondaperiodofpovertyiies.Orwellisbestrememberedtodayfortwoofhisnovels，AnimalFarmay-Four.Hisworkismarkedbylucidprose，awarenessofsojustice，oppositiontototalitarianism，andoutspokensupportofdemo.Hewroteliterarycriticism，poetry，fidpolemi.Hisnon-fiworks，ingTheRoadtoier，doghisexperienceclasslifeihofEngland，arewidelyacclaimed，asarehisessaysonpolitics，literature，language，andculture.
&heSpanishcivilwarbrokeoutin1936，OrwellwaofightfortheSpaagainstFranationalistuprising.InAragoiby“aFasiper”
.InBarahejoialinistSpanishTrotskyists’Workers’PartyofMarxistUnifi.Whentheunistspartlygairolaetheparty，manyofOrwell’sfrieed，shot，ordisappeared.Hebarelyescapedalivein1937.
Hisiillworksonpopularandpoliticalculture，aermOrwelliaiveoftotalitarianorauthoritariansocialpractices—hasehelaherwithmanyofhisneologisms，forinstance，cBrhtPoliemoryhole，doublethic.
Promptsf
1.WhydoesOrwellsay“Believenothihing，ofwhatyoureadaboutinternalaffairsoside”
?
2.WhoarethetwosidesoftheSpanishCivil>
3.WhatistheexcuseoftheNazisfFranco?
4.Hoarreportedagtotheauthor?
&heRussianarmydeployedinSpainagtotheauthor?
6.Howdoyouuhesehereis，forinstanosugas‘sce’.Thereisonly‘Germansce’‘Jewishsce’，etc.”
?
7.Whatdothe“twosafeguards”
draph6?
8.OnwhatbeliefisPacifismfoundedagtheauthor?
9.Whataretheadvahewthe>
10.WhydidthewdtheisiaperformdifferentlyinfightingFascism?
11.ForwhatreasonswastheGovered?
12.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheactsofthosepowerfultriesgthe>
[1]ThestruggleforpowerbetweentheSpanishRepublipartiesisanunhappy，faroffthingwhichIhavenowishtoreviveatthisdate.Ioiosay:believenothihing，ofwhatyoureadaboutinternalaffairsoside.Itisall，fromwhateversanda—thatistosay，lies.Thebroadtruthabouttheleenough.TheSpanishbeoisiesawtheircethelabormovement，andtookit，aidedbytheNazisandbytheforcesofreaallovertheworld.Itisdoubtfulwhethermorethanthatwilleverbeestablished.
[2]IremembersayihurKoestler1，“Historystoppedin1936”
，atwhioddedieuahthinkingoftotalitarianismimoreparticularlyoftheSpanishCivilWar.EarlyinlifeIhadisevercorrectlyreportedinainSpaiime，Isaortswhiotbearaothefaoteveionshipwhichisimpliedinanordinarylie.Isaortedwheretherehadbeennofighting，aesilencewherehundredsofmenhadbeenkilled.Isawtroopswhohadfoughtbravelydenouncedasdtraitors，andotherswhohadfiredhailedastheheroesofimaginaryvictories，andIsaersinLtheseliesaellectualsbuildiiouresovereventsthathadneverhappened.Isaw，infact，histwrittennotintermsofeofwhatoughttohavehappenedagtovarious“partyliinaway，horribleasallthisortant.Itedsedaryissues—hestruggleforpowerbetweeernandtheSpa-wiheeffortsoveropreveioninSpain.ButthebroadpictureofthewarwhichtheSpapreseheworldwasnotuntruthful.Themainissueswerewhatitsaidtheywere.ButasfortheFasdtheirbackers，howcouldtheyeevehetruthasthat?Howcouldtheypossiblymentiontheirrealaims?Theirversionoftheurefantasy，aaothavebeenotherwise.
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