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&Moderatioioilityofbusiiinthemid-198tothemajoreicvariablessuchasrealgrossdrowth，industrialproduonthlypayrollemploymentaratebegantodevolatility.Somepossiblereasoerihetralbanksfrompolitidfinanfluenationteologyaerflexibilityinwauralges.
&uralratehypothesis:aclaimbyRobertLucasthatuuallyreturnstoitsnormalor“natural”
rate，regardlessoftheinflatioimpliesthelimitedeffeessofpubliicpolicies.
4.theFederalReserve:thetralbankiheues，establishedbytheFederalReserveActof1913，sistsof12federalreservebanks，witheaeservingmemberbanksinitsowndistrict.ThesystemissupervisedbyabovernorsinWashington，D.C.，aswellasbyvariousadvisorydittees.Ithasbrulatorypowersoverthemoneysupplyaructure.
&hers:aglobalfinancialservicesfirmah-largestibankintheU.S.befbankruptan’sbankruptgisthelargestinU.S.history，andisthoughttohaveplayedamajorroleintheunfoldie-2000sglobalfinancialcrisis.
6.maiigwiththeperformaure，behavior，anddeakingofaneyasawhole，ingtheaggregatedindicatorssuchasGDP，ues，andpridexes.
7.maturitytransformatioiceoffraalreservebanks（orotherfinanstitutimoneyoimeframesthantheyle.
8.fuhequalitativeandquaionthattributestothe
eicwell-beingandthesubsequentfinancialvaluationofapayoray，theyirates，GDPgrowth，tradebalancesurplusdefidinflatioc.Forbusinesses，informationsuchasrevenue，earnis，liabilitiesandgrowtharesideredsomeofthefuals.
9.me-backedsecurities:atypeofasset-backedsecuritythatissecuredbyameores.Thesesecuritiesmustalsobegroupedisasdeterminedbyaedcreditratingagendusuallypayperioditsthataresimilartoents.Furthermore，thememusthaveinatedfrulatedandauthorizedfinanstitution.
10.liquidity:thedegreetowhiassetorsebeboughtorsoldiwithoutaffegtheasset’sprice.Itischaracterizedbyahighlevelactivity.Assetsthatbeeasilyboughtorsoldareknownasliquidassets.
&ionsf
1.Whatroledoesthefinancialmarketplayintheeicsystem?
2.Whatroledoesthetralbankplay?Gettokpoliciesissuedbythetralbankofa.
3.Inhistory，therehavebeensomanyfinancialdbubblebursts.Althoughtheywerewarnedaimebeforeayhavealwaysseemedtettable.Asaresult，panic，sufferiusuallyetogether.Howepeopledon’trememberlessonsfromthepast?
4.MasthinkthatKeynesianeicshasweakorevennomiidations，andhavebeeoreformtheprevioustheory.Whatdoesthistellabouteictheories?
5.Howisthe2008financialcrisisdifferentfromothereichistory?
6.Asocietyhastofaceashort-ruweeninflatio.Sihere’snosugasafreelunakerusuallyhastochoosethelesserofthetwoevils.Doesitstillmakesehemaicregulation?
7.Anationusuallyusesbothfisdmoarypoliciestopursueitsmaicgoals.oliciesimportaingey?
8.Howdothemaicpoliciesaffeation’seeinformationandstatisticsthatillustratetheeffeaicpolicies.
After-readingAssig
OralWork
1.SupposeyouweretheU.S.FederalReserve，howwouldyoupersuadethegresstoswiftlypasstheBushadministration’s$700billiobailoutplahofthe2008financialcrisis?Makeashortpresentation.
2.InMay2005，Greenspansaidtherewasonly“froth”
inhousihananationalhousingbubblesimilartothoseiockmarket.Nowadays，somebelievetherearebubblesinthehousiina，oreveherearebubblesintheeyingeneral.Makeashortpreseiviewsaithebubblesorfrothintheeyoftoday.
3.Youareastudentnowandmaynothavemuanageonyourown，butyoustillhaveabudgettoplanandbuyiomake.Ormaybeyouhaveysforthepurposeofhiftsforspees.Howdoyoumanageyourwealth?Doyouhavesomesmartideastoshare，orhaveyoulearnedanylessohyourclassmates.
4.Wouldyouliketobuystocks?Whatqualitiesdoyouthianttoaor?Makeashortpresentationlisting3qualitiesthatyouthiialtoahefinancialmarket.
WrittenWork
1.Howdidarespondtothe2008financialcrisis?ductareseardortabouta’ssignifiemergingpthatdabouta’sfutureroleintheglobalfinancialmarket.
2.InthefilmWallStreet，Gekko’snotreedisgood”
vividlydepictthetruefadAmerica’sgreedculture.Doyouthinkitjustifiable?Writea400-wordessayarguingfainsttheclaim“Greedisgood”
.
3.Braihemassemigrationofteicallyskilledpeoplefromorytoanother，whilereversebraindrainohumancapitalmovesinreverse，usuallyfromadevelopedtrytoalessdevelopedone.Howdoyouthinkatrykeepitsowsandattratsfromotherplaces?osalstatipoligthisquestion.
FurtherReadings
&ureoftheFirmbyRonaldH.Coase
EiationbyStevenN.S.g
&hodologyofPositiveEiltonFriedman
EicsbyPaulA.SamuelsonandWilliamD.Nordhaus
EicsforBusinessabyAllanGriffithsandStuart
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