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[23]Allthesebeliefsofmimesquarelyii-militaristparty.ButIdopeaceeitheroughttobeorwillbepermahisglobe，uespacificallyanizedpreservesomeoftheoldelementsofarmy-dise.Apermalysuccessfulpeayotbeasimplepleasure-ey.Inthemoreorlesssocialisticfuturetowardswhidseemsdriftiillsubjectourselvescollectivelytothoseseveritieswhiswertoourrealpositionuponthisonlypartlyhospitableglobe.Wemustmakenewenergiesandhardihoodsuethemaowhichthemilitarymindsofaithfullygs.Martialvirtuesmustbetheerepidity，ptofsoftness，surrenderofprivatei，obedieouststillremaintherowhichstatesarebuilt—unless，indeed，wewishferousreasagainstoonlyforpt，aeattaeveratreofcrystallizationformilitary-mierprisegetsformedaheirneighborhood.
[24]Theartyisassuredlyrightinaffirmingandreaffirmingthatthemartialvirtues，althinallygaihroughwar，areabsoluteahumangoods.Patriotidambitioaryformare，afterall，oionseneralpetitivepassiosfirstform，butthatisnoreasonforsupposiobeitslastforMennoroudofbelongingtoagnation，andwithoutamurmurtheylaydowntheirpersoh，ifbysodoingtheymayfendoffsubje.Butwhobesurethatotheraspee’saynot，withtimeaionaionenough，etardedwithsimilarlyeffectivefeelingsofprideandshame?Whyshouldmennotsomedayfeelthatitisworthabloodtaxtobelongtoacollectivitysuperiorinanyidealrespect?Whyshouldtheynotblushwithindigheunitythatownsthemisvileinanywaywhatsoever?Individuals，dailymorenumerous，hiscivi.Itisoionofblowiillthewholepopulatiosi，andontheruinsoftheoldmoralsofmilitaryhonor，astablesystemofmoralsoforbuildsitselfup.Whatthewholeuobelieveingraspstheindividualasihewar-funhasgraspedussofar;butstruterestsmaysomedayseemnolessimperative，aheindividualahardlylighterburden.
[25]Letmeillustratemyideamorecretely.Thereisnothingtomakeoneindignantihatlifeishard，thatmenshouldtoilaheplaarysonceforallaresudwedit.Butthatsomanymesofbirthandopportunity，shouldhavealifeofoilandpainandhardnessayimposeduponthem，shouldhavenova，whileothersnativelynomasteofthisglifeatall，—thisiscapableindignatioiveminds.Itmayendbyseemioallofusthatsomeofushavenothingbutg，ahingbutunmanlyease.Ifnow—andthisismyidea—therewere，insteadofmilitarys，asofthewholeyouthfulpopulationtoformforaumberofyearsapartofthearmyeheie，ahergoodstotheohwouldfollow.Themilitaryidealsofhardihoodanddisewhtintfiberofthepeople;noonewouldremainblindastheluxuriousowareblind，tomaionstotheglobeheliveson，andtothepermalysourandhardfoundationsofhishigherlife.Todirohttrains，tofishisiodish-washing，clothes-washing，andashing，toroad-buildingandtunnelmaking，tofouoke-holes，andtotheframesofskyscrapers，wildedyouthsbedraftedtotheirchoice，togettheesskofthem，aosocietywithhealthiersympathiesandsobererideas.Theyaidtheirblood-tax，doheirownpartintheimmemorialhumaheywouldtreadtheearthmoreproudly;thewomenwouldvaluethemmhly;theywouldbebetterfathersahefollowiion.
[26]Sus，withthestateofpublithatwouldhaverequiredit，andthemanymoralfruitsitwouldbear，wouldpreserveiofapacificcivilizationthemahemilitarypartyissoafraidofseeingdisappearinpeace.Weshouldgettoughhoutess，authoritywithaslittlealcrueltyaspossible，andpainfulworkdonecheerilybecausethedutyistemporary，a，ashewholeremainderofone’slife.Ispokeofthe“moralequivalent”
ofwar.Sofar，warhasbeentheodiseawholeunity，andudiseisanized，Ibelievethatwarmusthaveitsway.ButIhavenoseriousdoubtthattheordinarypridesandshamesofso，ooatensity，arecapablesuchamoralequivalentasIhavesketeotherjustaseffectivefmaype.Itisbutaquestionoftime，ofskillfulpropagandism，andofopinion-makingmenseizinghistoriities.
[27]Themartialtypeofcharabebredwithoutwar.Strenuoushonoraednessaboundelsewhere.Priestsandmediareinafashio，andweshouldallfeelsomedegreeofitimperativeifweweresciousofourworkasanobligatoryservicetothestate.Weshouldbeowned，assoldiersarebythearmy，andourpridewouldriseagly.Wecouldbepoor，then，withouthumiliation，asarmyoffioware.Theonlythingneededhenceforwardistoiemperaspasthistoryhasihemilitarytemper.H.G.Wells21，asusual，seesthetreofthesituation.“Inmanyways，”
hesays，“militaryanizatiopeacefulofactivities.Wheemporarymahestreetofclamorousiisement，push，adulteratiaemployment，intothebarrack-yard，hestepsontoahighersoe，intoanatmosphereofservidco-operationandofinfinitelymorehoiomeflungoutofemploymeebecausethereiseworkforthemtodo.Theyarefedaraierservices.Hereatleastamanissupposedtowinpromotiofulnessandnotbyself-seekihefeebleandirregulareorresearercialism，itslittleshhtedsprofitbyinnovatioifiy，seehowremarkableisthesteadyandrapiddevelopmehodandapplianavalandmilitaryaffairs!Nothirikingthantoparetheprogressofvenienceswhichhasbeeehetrader，tressinmilitaryapparatusdurifewdecades.Thehouse-appliaoday，forexample，arelittlebetterthayyearsago.Ahouseoftodayisstillalmostasill-ventilated，badlyheatedbywastefulfires，clumsilyarrangedandfurhehouseof1858.Housesacoupleofhundredyearsoldarestillsatisfactoryplacesofresidelehaveourstandardsrisen.Buttherifleorbattleshipoffiftyyearsagowasbeyondallparisohosewepossess;inpower，inspeed，incealike.Noonehasausenowforsuhings.”
[28]Wellsaddsthathethinksthatthesoforderanddise，thetraditionofserviddevotion，ofphysiess，uion，anduniversalresponsibility，whiiversalmilitarydutyisnowteagEuropeannations，ermaa，wheammunitionhasbeehefireworksthatcelebratethefinalpeace.Ibelieveashedoes.ItwouldbesimplypreposterousiftheocouldworkidealsofhonorandstandardsofeffitoEnglishorAmeriaturesshouldbethefearofbeiheGermansortheJapaindeedisFear;butitisnot，asourmilitaryenthusiastsbelieveandtrytomakeusbelieve，theonlystimulusknownforawakeningthehigherrangesofmen’sspiritualeofalterationinpubliyutopiapostulatesisvastlylessthanthedifferehementalityofthoseblackwarriorswhopursuedStanley22’spartyonthegowiththeiribalwar-eat!Meat!”
andthatofthe“geaff”
ofanycivilizednation.Historyhasseeerintervalbridgedover:theformeronebebridgedovermuchmoreeasily.
Notes
1.Iliad:Greekepi（attributedtoHomer）desgthesiegeofTroy
2.DiomedesandAjax:mythicalGreekheroeswhofoughtagainstTroy
3.Sarpedohology）asonofZeuswhobegofLycia;hefoughtoheTrojarojanWarandwaskilledbyPatroclus.
&reekmythology）amythiwhowaskilledbyAchillesdurirojan>
5.thePeloponnesianwar:（431B.C.-404B.C.）awarinwhisanditsalliesweredefeatedbytheleagueteredonSparta
6.Thucydides:（460B.C.-400B.tGreekhistorianrememberedforhishistoryofthePeloponnesian>
7.MatthewArnold:（1822-1888）Eerarycritic
8.PaulusAemilius:（229B.C.-160B.eanRepubliotedgeneralwhoaputtiheAntigoniddynasty
9.Epirus:aareaontheIoflourishedasakingdomiuryB.C.;loreedsouthernAlbania
10.Brutus:（85B.C.-42B.C.）statesmaRomewho（withCassius）ledaspiracytoassassinateJuliusCaesar
11.Philippi:atMaia
12.Thessalonica:aportreeiheAegeanSea
13.theBoerwar:eitheroftwowars，thefirstwheEnglaaintheiheyhadgivenuptoobtainBritishhelpagainsttheZulus（1880-1881）;thesetheeFreeStateandTransvaaldeclaredwaronBritain（1899-1902）
14.Mley:（1843-1901）25thPresideedStates;wasassassinatedbyananarchist
15.nowinposse，nowientiallyoriy
16.HomerLea:（1876-1912）Ameriturer，autheopoliticalstrategist.HeistodaybestknownforhisihesereformaiosiweuryandasacloseadvisortoDr.SunYat-senduringthe1911eseRepublirevolutioheQingDynasty，andfsaboutdgeopolitics.
17.SebaldRudolfSteiz:（1862-1940）Dutchsociologist
18.SimonPatten:（1852-1922）eistandchairoftheWhartonSchoolofBusiheUyofPennsylvania.Pattehefirsteiststopositashiftfroman“eicsofscarcity”
toan“eidais，hebelievedthatsoontherewouldbeeosatisfypeople’sbasidthattheeywouldshiftfromanemphasisonproduption.
19.LowesDi:（1862-1932）Englishhistorianandpoliticaladnotedpacifist
2reat:（1712-1786）kingofPrussiafrom1740to1786whhtPrussiamilitaryprestigebywiheAustrianSuandtheSevenYears’>
21.H.G.Wells:（1866-1946）Englishwriterbestknownforhissnovels;healsowroteonporarysosandpopularatsofhistoryandsce.
&onStanley:（1841-1904）WelshjournalistandexplorerfamousforhisexploratioralAfridhissearissionaryandexplorerDavidLivingstone.Heohesavageosforce，power，boldness，andde”
.
&ionsf
1.Ifawarisfoughtbecauseeitherofgloryorofshame，youthinkofanywarsinhistorythatwererelatedtothet>
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